job info solutions of microprocessor and microcontroller

MICROPROCESSOR:

The microprocessor-controlled program, which gets instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions device. Most Micro Processor chips are unique devices.

FLAGS IN 8086:

In 8086 carry flag, flag parity, auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow, Trace flag, interrupt flag, flag of direction and Sign flag.

WHY GLASS IS A CLOCK preferred source:

Due to the high stability, high Q (quality factor) and no frequency drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most times.

IN 8085, HIGH ORDER / ORDER grave registration:

Flag is called as low to record and store is called as High order registry.

LOGIC OF THREE STATES:

Three logic levels are used and are of high, low, high impedance state. The high and low logic levels are normal and high impedance state is electrical open circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called line activation.

Stack USED IN 8085
LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type of Stack the last stored information can be retrieved first.

PROGRAM COUNTER:

Program counter contains the address of either the first byte of the next instruction to be fetched for execution or the address of the next byte of a multi-byte instruction, which has not been completely preposterous. In both cases, the file automatically incremented one by one as the instruction bytes are fetched. Program also register holds the address of the next instruction.

DIFFERENT RECORDS IN 8085:

Accumulator register, temporary register, instruction register, Stack Pointer, Program Counter are the various records in 8085

1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor:

Processor fact the PMOS / NMOS / HMOS / HCMOS technology processor called first / second / third / fourth generation, and which is composed of 4/8/16/32 bits.

TWO LINES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURERS PROCESSOR:

High-end Intel - Pentium (II, III, 4), AMD - Athlon. Low-end: Intel - Celeron, AMD - Duron. 64-bit Intel - Itanium 2, AMD - Opteron.

MAXIMUM SPEED AND DEVICE FOR FIREWIRE SPECIFICATIONS:

IEEE 1394 (Firewire) supports up to 63 devices connected with speeds up to 400 Mbps. Where is MBR on the disk? Main Boot Record is located at sector 0, track 0, head 0, cylinder 0 of the primary active partition.

CPU originate in enhanced mode:

Intel 80386 was the first 32-bit processor, and since the company had to back-support 8086. All modern processors based on Intel running in enhanced mode, able to switch between real mode (just like the real 8086 ) and protected so that the current mode of operation.

Bit combinations are there in a BYTE:

Combinations byte contains 8 bits.

BUSES AND TYPES studied:

There are three types of buses.
Bus Address: This is used to carry memory management to find either instructions or data.
Data bus: This is used to transport the data from memory.
Bus control: Used to carry control signals as RD / WR, etc. Select

MAXIMUM FREQUENCY CLOCK IN 8086:

5 Mhz is the maximum clock frequency in 8086.

Maskable INTERRUPTS:

An interrupt which can be turned off by the developer is known as maskable interrupt.

No maskable interrupts:

An interrupt that can never be be off (ie. Disabled) is known as Non-Maskable Interrupt

OPERATING UNITS POSSIBLE IN 8086:

Bus interface unit and the execution unit are the two different functional units in 8086.

SEGMENT OF SEVERAL RECORDS IN 8086:

Code, data, stack, registers extra segment in 8086.

EU MEDIA:

Implementation Unit receives instruction codes of programs and data BIU, executes instructions and store the result in general registers.

PILE USED IN 8086:

FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of battery the first stored information is retrieved first.

SIM and RIM INSTRUCTIONS:

SIM is Seth interrupt mask. It is used to mask hardware interrupts.
RIM interrupt mask is read. It is used to check if the interrupt is masked or not.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 8086 AND 8088:

The BIU 8088 data bus is 8 bits and 16 bits in 8086.Instruction tail is 4 bytes long in 8088and June 8086 byte.

FOR EXAMPLE non-maskable interrupts:

Trap is known as non-maskable interrupt, which is used in emergency conditions.

EXAMPLES OF MICRO CONTROLLER:

Z80, Intel MSC51 and 96, are the best examples Motorola microcontroller.

CLOCK FREQUENCY FOR 8085:

3 MHz is the maximum clock frequency for 8085.

EXAMPLE OF A MICROPROCESSOR ADDRESS:

8085 is a microprocessor of a direction.

EXAMPLES 8/16/32 bit microprocessor:

8-bit processor - 8085 / Z80 / 6800; 16-bit processor - 8086/68000 / Z8000; 32-bit processor - 80386/80486

BUS:

A bus is a group of pipelines that data signals carriers, direction and control.

DIFFERENT RECORDS IN 8085:

Accumulator register, temporary register, instruction register, Stack Pointer, Program Counter are the various records in 8085

CRYSTAL CLOCK SOURCE -PREFERRED:

Due to the high stability, high Q (quality factor) and no frequency drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most times.

8085 IN ORDER -HIGH / Register FLOOR:

Flag is called as low to record and store is called as High order registry.

5 different addressing modes:

Immediate, direct, record, register, indirect addressing modes implied

INTERRUPTIONS IN 8085 CLASSIFICATION:

In 8085 interrupts are classified as hardware interrupts and software.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE:

In the primary storage device storage capacity is limited. It has a volatile memory. In the secondary storage device storage capacity is larger. This is a nonvolatile memory. Primary devices are RAM / ROM. Secondary devices are: Floppy Disk / HDD.

STACK IN 8085:

LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type of Stack the last stored information can be retrieved first.

PROGRAM COUNTER:

Program counter contains the address of either the first byte of the next instruction to be fetched for execution or the address of the next byte of a multi-byte instruction, which has not been completely preposterous. In both cases, the file automatically incremented one by one as the instruction bytes are fetched. Program also register holds the address of the next instruction.

RST FOR THE TRAP: RST 4.5 is called as TRAP.
LEVEL-TRIP INTERRUPTION: RST RST 6.5 and 5.5 are interruptions trigger level.
SENSITIVITY LEVEL NO INTERRUPTION IN 8085: RST 7.5 is a baby-edge interrupt enable.
SOFTWARE interrupts rst0, RST1, RST2, RST3, rsT4, RST5, RST6, RST7.
FLAGS SEVERAL USED IN 8085: Star flag, flag Zero, Auxiliary flag, parity, carry flag.
IN 8085 - 16-bit registers: stack pointer and program against all have 16 bits.

Stack pointer:

Stack pointer register is a special purpose 16-bit microprocessor, which contains the address of the top of the stack.
HLT USE INSTRUCTIONS: The microprocessor enters Halt-State and buses are tri indicated.

QUALITY FACTOR:

The quality factor is also defined as Q. So is a number that reflects the lossness a circuit. Senior Q, the lower the losses.
Interrupts an EN 8085: 8085 There are 12 interruptions.

LOGIC OF THREE STATES:

Three logic levels are used and are of high, low, high impedance state. The high and low logic levels are normal and high impedance state is electrical open circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called line activation.

HIGHEST priority interrupt:
TRAP has the highest priority
Process alarms
TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5, INTR